Creative logo illustrating Cannabis by the Drugs and Me team

Cannabis

{Weed, marijuana, kush, pot, hash, skunk}

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The Law

Europe

  • UK: Illegal Class B drug. Possession: up to 5 years in prison, an unlimited fine or both. Supply and production: up to 14 years in prison, an unlimited fine or both.
  • France: Illegal but permitted for medical products.
  • Germany: Not prosecuted up to 6-15 grams depending on the Ländern. Only legal when a permission by 'Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Services' for medical use is obtained.
  • Netherlands: Legal (less than 5 grams is considered personal use).
  • Norway: Legal (less than 15 grams is considered personal use).
  • Spain and Portugal: Legal (only private growing and smoking are legal).
  • Switzerland: Legal (growing up to four plants is legal).
  • Russia: Illegal, but decriminalised up to 6 grams.

America

  • USA: Illegal at the federal level, but legal for medical/recreational use in the states of Colorado, Washington, Alaska and Oregon as well as in some cities.
  • Canada: Legal everywhere in Canada since October 17th 2018.
  • Mexico: Possession is illegal but decriminalized up to 5 grams. Growing and selling are illegal.

Asia and Australasia

Africa

References

1 Crean, R. D., Crane, N. A., & Mason, B. J. (2011). An evidence based review of acute and long-term effects of cannabis use on executive cognitive functions. Journal of addiction medicine, 5(1), 1.

2 Curran, H. V., Freeman, T. P., Mokrysz, C., Lewis, D. A., Morgan, C. J., & Parsons, L. H. (2016).Keep off the grass? Cannabis, cognition and addiction. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 17(5), 293-306.

3 Earleywine M, Barnwell SS. Decreased respiratory symptoms in cannabis users who vaporize. Harm Reduct J (2007) 4:11. doi:10.1186/1477-7517-4-11.

4 Filbey, F. M., McQueeny, T., Kadamangudi, S., Bice, C., & Ketcherside, A. (2015). Combined effects of marijuana and nicotine on memory performance and hippocampal volume. Behavioural brain research, 293, 46-53.

5 Freeman, TP., Morgan, C.J.A., Hindocha, C., Schafer, G., & Curran, H.V (2014). Just say 'know': how do cannabinoid concentrations influence users' estimates of cannabis potency and the amount they roll in joints? Addiction 109(10):1686-94; doi: 10.1111/add.12634

6 Hall W, Room R, Bondy S. Comparing the health and psychological risks of alcohol, cannabis, nicotine and opiate use. In: Kalant H, Corrigan W, Hall W, Smart R, eds. The health effects of cannabis. Toronto: Addiction Research Foundation, 1999, pp. 477-508.

7 Hindocha, C Freeman, T.P., WInstock, A.R, Lynskey, M.T. (2016) Vaping cannabis (marijuana) has the potential to reduce tobacco smoking in cannabis users. Addiction 111(2); 375 -- 375; doi: 10.1111/add.13190.

8 Hindocha, C., Freeman, T.P., Ferris, J.A., Lynskey, M.T., & Winstock, A.R., (2016) No Smoke without tobacco? A global overview of cannabis and tobacco routes of administration and their association with intention to quit. Front Psychiatry, 7, 104.

9 Hindocha, C., Shaban, N. D., Freeman, T. P., Das, R. K., Gale, G., Schafer, G., ... & Curran, H. V. (2015). Associations between cigarette smoking and cannabis dependence: a longitudinal study of young cannabis users in the United Kingdom. Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 148, 165-171.

10 <https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/664945/Young-people-statistics-report-from-the-national-drug-treatment-monitoring-system-2016-2017.pdf>

11 <https://www.erowid.org/plants/cannabis/cannabis_dose.shtml>

12 <https://www.globaldrugsurvey.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Printable_Cannabis1.pdf>

13 <http://www.drugscience.org/dl/dl_comparison.html>

14 Iversen, L. L. (2001). The science of marijuana. Oxford University Press.

15 Kleiber D, Soellner R, Tossmann P. Cannabiskonsum in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland: Entwicklungstendenzen, Konsummuster und Einflußfaktoren. Bonn: Bundesministerium für Gesundheit, 1997.

16 Kouri EM, Pope HG. Abstinence symptoms during withdrawal from chronic marijuana use. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2000;8(4):483-92.

17 Nutt, D. (2012). Drugs without the hot air. Minimising the Harms of Legal and Illegal Drugs. Cambridge: UIT Cambridge Ltd Nutt, D. J., King, L. A., & Phillips, L. D. (2010).

18 Piomelli, D., & Russo, E. B. (2016). The cannabis sativa versus cannabis indica debate: an interview with Ethan Russo, MD. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, 1(1), 44-46.

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